The Role of NF-KB and Estrogen Receptor on Prostate Cancer Progression to Bone Metastasis

Numerically, five divisions of transcription factor family have been classified. These are tagged as p65 (RelA), RelB, c-Rel, NF-κB1 and NF-κB2. In dissimilarity to the other family divisions, NF-κB1 and NF-κB2 are produced in inactive forms (p105 and p100) and are enzymatically broken down to the active forms (p50 and p52), respectively [8]. All the five divisions of this protein family tree form homoor heterodimers and have similar structural features. They have Rel homology domain (RHD). RHD is important for combination, as well as linking to associate DNA elements [9]. NF-κB sub units consist of regions for phosphorylations and other after-translational alterations. These regions are necessary for activation and signal transduction link with other signaling pathways [10]. Attachment of NF-κB dimers to IκB molecules hinder binding to DNA, and shift the balance-state localization of the complex to the cytoplasm. In spite of that, movement between cytoplasm and nucleus takes place [11].